Org2 Het:BANGSA YANG TERLUPAKAN

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jhony_williamson
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Org2 Het:BANGSA YANG TERLUPAKAN

Post by jhony_williamson »

BANGSA YANG TERLUPAKAN
(orang - orang Het)
Mungkin kata yang tepat untuk menceritakan Suatu kerajaan besar ini adalah “ORANG HET BANGKIT DARI KEPUNAHAN”
Dalam injil menyinggung tentang orang Het lebih dari empat puluh kali, dan disebut bahwa kekuatan negrinya (Het) sejajar dengan kekuatan Mesir.

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Tetapi hingga tahun 1860 catatan alkitab berdiri teguh sebagai data kebesaran orang Het (Hittites). Sebab tentang orang Het ini belum pernah disinggung dalam sejarah. Catatan Alkitab antara lain: Kejadian 23:6-20

Hal ini belum pernah disinggung dalam sejarah. Hampir terluput dari buku sejarah. Lalu dengan tulisan Kuno dari Mesir dan Babel dengan riset yang dilakukan disekitar reruntuhan kota –kota orang Het di Asia Kecil, maka kerajaan yang sudah terlupakan ini muncul kembali.


Orang Het dalam Konflik dengan Mesir

Bangsa Het mulai berkembang dan menggusur kekuatan Syria dengan menguasai Kota Ugarit sebagai kota pelabuhan, kota dimana kapal2 bangsa Het mengusai jalur perdagangan dikawasan Eastern Mediterania. Sovenir dan barang dagangan dari bangsa Het kebanyakan material seperti Metal,tin,copper, lapis lazuli yang diperdaganngkan sampai Iran dan Afganistan dengan jalur perdagangan lewat kerajaan Syria

Hal ini yang menimbulkan persaingan dengan Bangsa Mesir dan Mittani untuk mengontrol kawasan vitalini. Pada awal Abad 14 SM Bangsa Het Dibawah Pimpinan Suppiluliumas mulai melakukan ekspansi kekerajaan Mittani disebelah Utaras Syria. Suppiluliumas menaklukkan Kerajaan Mittani dengan jatuhnya kota2 Mittani seperti Aleppo, Alalakh, Nuhashshe and Tunip Semuanya disebelah utara Syria

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Perang dengan Syria berkanjut setelah Suppiluliumas dan bala tentaranya menyebrang sungai Euphrates dan memasuki tanah Ishuwa. Dengan mengejutkan Mittani dalam perjalanannya menaklukkan Ibu kota mitanni Washukkanni. Setelah perang tersebut sejumlah kerajaan Kecil di Syria jatuh kedalam kekuasaan bangsa Het (Hittites)

Yang kemudian menyaingini kekuatan Bangasa Mesir disebelah barat :
However, these efforts did not stop the Hittites from the destruction of the Mitanni empire, and in the end, the Egyptians had to contend with the Hittites over the Syrian region as the Mitanni empire fell apart.

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Daerah Kekuasaan Bangsa Het termasuk Kadesh, Raja Kadesh berusaha untuk memblock penyerangan bangas Het kearah Selatan, namun ditaklukkan bangsa Het dan dibawa sebagai tawanan termasuk anaknya ke Ibu kota bangsa Het, Hattusas (Sekarang Turki) pada masa itu.

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Tidak kurang dari dua puluh kota “orang Het” telah digali sejak tahun 1892, waktu dimana Dr .A. H Sayce menerbitkan buku berjudul: Orang – orang Het – Cerita tentang Kerajaan yang terlupakan

Dari Penemuan – penemuan yang menggembirakan ini kita mengetahui bahwa Bangsa Het telah Bangkit sebagai Satu Kerajaan terkuat Pada Zaman Purba, yang memerintah sebagian Besar Asia Kecil dan Syria serta mengimbangi kekuatan Bangsa Mesir seperti yang diceritakan Alkitab.

Link lainnya:
http://i-cias.com/e.o/hittites.html
Last edited by jhony_williamson on Wed Mar 26, 2008 2:35 am, edited 3 times in total.
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jhony_williamson
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Post by jhony_williamson »

Peperangan Mesir Vs Bangsa Het,
(Battle Of Kadesh)

New Kingdom Hittite Military
Like other Late Bronze Age armies of the Old World, the Hittite military was built around the chariot and infantry, which would be expanded during the campaigning season when men would be called to the colors to fulfil their feudal obligations to the king. However, they apparently employed considerable mercenary troops during this period. Many of these troops apparently forwent regular pay choosing instead the prospect of booty, which of course would cause problems as it did for even the Egyptians at various times.
As for dress, the Hittite forces, unlike the Egyptians, seem to have worn uniforms that were geared to their various campaigns, so that at various times, we find them in different costumes. We do know that they wore helmets and bronze scale armor, but in many reliefs, such as those related to the Ramesses II Battle at Kadesh, many are depicted only in a "white" coverall. Some authorities assume that this was worn over the armor.
Just as in Egypt, the chariotry tended to attract men from the landed nobility, while the infantry was of lesser status. However, unlike the Egyptians chariot, theirs was the principal offensive arm of the Hittite army. This difference also extended to the very design and implementation of their chariotry. They viewed the chariot as essentially an assault weapon designed to crash into and break up groups of enemy infantry. Hence, it was a much heavier vehicle then that of the Egyptians, with a central axle strong enough to carry a three man crew. Of course, it was also less maneuverable and slower then its Egyptian counterpart. While the chariot crews did use composite the composite bow as a weapon, its predominant weapon was the long, thrusting spear. When used under ideal conditions, the Hittite chariotry was very effective. It would open the way for their infantry to follow through and finish off the enemy.
The infantry, as depictions of their "thr" warriors surrounding Muwatallish at Qadesh would suggest, were armed with long thrusting spears and short stabbing daggers similar to those employed by their chariotry. Iron weapons were to some extent used by the Hittites, but most hand weapons were bronze sickle swords and battle axes.
The Hittites were masters of strategy and even used guile and sleight of hand when it was to their advantage. They attempted to stage their battles in situations that were ideal to their military tactics, in open battles where the chariotry could be used to its greatest advantag
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As an enemy of Egypt, Ramesses II condescendingly spoke of them as "effeminate ones" because the Hittites had a propensity for wearing their hair long. However, he would learn quickly that the Hittite warriors were every bit as brave and formidable as the Egyptian army, for the stage was set for the first battle in history that was well documented at Kadesh. He would eventually meet, fight, make peace with and even marry into the Hittite empire, all within his long reign

Peninggalan Bangsa mesir yang menunjukan Keberadaan Bangsa Het.
Battle Of Kadesh I
Linknya: http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/kadesh1.htm
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Battle Of Kadesh II

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hile crossing the River Orontes (Arnath) to begin the approach to the city from the south, two Bedouin tribesmen, secretly in the employ of the Hittite king, led what appears to have been a gullible Ramesses the Great into believing that the Hittite army was many miles away to the north. Ramesses II, believing he had stolen a strategic advantage, having arrived on the battle grounds early, ordered the army of Amun onward without delay.

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Some accounts of the battle have the two warring parties facing off once again the next day, but the ultimate results of the contest was a truce, after which the Egyptians and Hittites withdrew to their respective homelands (Ramesses II, having crushed his enemies).
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Now, it was Ramesses II who:
":...appeared in glory like his father Montu, he assumed the accoutrements of battle, and he girded himself with his corslet"
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However, there may have also been a somewhat larger number of Egyptian forces who stood against the Hittite forces rather than running in the cowardly manner that the reliefs depict. It is difficult to imagine, having been warned of their dire circumstances by the Hittite scouts, that the Amun camp was not highly alert and that the five thousand troops of that division were not in a state of battle readiness.

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is probable that the Hittites did not know about the Ne'arin. This term means "young men" and infers that they were perhaps a crack Canaanite unit who's loyalty to Ramesses II was beyond reproach. It has been suggested that, rather than an elite unit, this may have actually been the Army of Set, though the reliefs indicate otherwise. It was probably no accident that they showed up at this point, though the exact timing was certainly lucky. These forces had probably been ordered to join up with the main body of the Egyptian army on a specific day
In the reliefs documenting the battle, Ramesses II states that:
"None of you was there...None rose to lend me his hand in my fight...None of you came later to tell the story of his heroic deeds in Egypt...The foreigners who saw me, praise my name to the end of all lands where I was not known...Since ancient times a man was honored for his fighting abilities, but I will not reward any of you, as you have abandoned me when I was alone fighting my enemies."
It has even been suggested that, even as Muwatallish overlooked the scene, Ramesses II may have dispatched a number of his troops to the netherworld.
More importantly, what happened next almost negates the resounding victory claimed by Ramesses II. He agreed to a truce with the Hittite King, who we are told pleaded with Ramesses II stating:
"Suteh are you, Baal himself, your anger burns like fire in the land of Hatti... our servant speaks to you and announces that you are the son of Re. He put all the lands into your had, united as one. The land of Kemi, the land of Hatti, are at your service. They are under your feet. Re, your exalted father, gave them to you so you would rule us. It is good that you should kill your servants?... Look at what you have done yesterday. You have slaughtered thousands of your servants....You will not leave any inheritance. Do not rob yourself of your property, powerful king. glorious in battle, give us breath in our nostrils."
Of course, this text obviously offers a view by the Egyptians. It may be that both parties to the truce realized that additional battles might have decimated both armies to the extent that they may ver well have become vulnerable to other powers within the region. Furthermore, Ramesses II was obviously facing a crises within the ranks, so we are told that:
"His Majesty turned back in peace to Egypt, together with his infantry and his chariotry being with him"
Ramesses II later signed a peace treaty with the Hittites which would forever place Kadesh out of Egyptian hands. From this, it is evident that no real victory took place, or at least not one that gave Ramesses II an obvious edge over his enemies. In fact, it would seem that the Hittites army even shadowed the Egyptian forces as they headed home.
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Gambar Dikuil Luxor menunjukan perang Kadesh, sedangkan gambar bawah menunjukan Ramses II sedang berperang Melawan Musuh (Pasukan org Het)
Link lain tentang perang Kadesh: http://touregypt.net/battleofkadesh.htm & http://i-cias.com/e.o/hittites.htm
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