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Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Wed Aug 08, 2007 11:12 pm
by ali5196
http://voi.org/books/htemples2/ch10.htm" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
ARAB2 PRA-ISLAM

Arab2 jaman pra-Islam memang sering digambarkan dgn buruk oleh Arab2 pasca-Islam dan tidak ada satupun dokumen historis yg bisa menggambarkan keadaan jaman pra-Islam itu. Muhamad dan kalif2nya memastikan bahwa tidak tersisa satupun bekas sejarah pra-Islam. Apa yg tidak bisa mereka hancurkan, mereka Islamkan. Spt contoh Kabah dan upacara Haji misalnya, keduanya merupakan peninggalan tradisi HINDU !

Pukulan terbesar terhdp sejarah Arabia pra-Islam adalah dituliskannya kembali sejarah mereka oleh Muslim. Seluruh sejarah Arabia yg ditulis oleh Muslim selalu mulai dgn Ibrahim, Adam dan Hawa. TAPI apa bener tuh ?

Kata F. Hommel, kita hanya bisa menelusuri sejarah pra-islam Arabia dari literatur dan monumen bangsa2 Babylon dan Assyria, Mesir, Yahudi, Yunani dan Romawi dan sebagian pada permulaan jaman Islam.

Inskripsi2 Babylon th 3SM sudah menyebut adanya RAJA MANIUM (kependekan dari Mannudannu) atau Magan dari Arabia Timur; Magan adalah versi Sumeria bagi nama Arab, Majãn, dan dari pusat ini didirikan (tanggalnya tidak jelas) kerajaan Majan di Arabia Selatan, yg kemudian menjadi Ma�în atau negara Minaean yg mencakup seluruh Arabia Selatan, termasuk sebuah distrik bernama Melukh yg mencakup Arabia pusat dan barat laut dari mana kaum Sumeria e.g. Gudeadari Sirgulla (sekitar 2350SM) mengimpor kayu, batu dan metal dlm jumlah besar utk membangun kuil2.

Sumber2 yg sama juga mengatakan bahwa kaum Sabaean yg hidup makmur di Arabia sejak th 800SM, sampai mereka dibantai oleh invasi Muhamad. Mereka memuja matahari, bulan dan planet2. Mereka percaya akan re-inkarnasi, mirip kepercayaan Hindu.

Mereka percaya dlm migrasi sukma dna jiwa manusia dan mendirikan kuil2 besar dan patung2 berlapis emas dan perak dari dewa2 utama mereka. 5 Orang Yunani dan Romawi mengenal Saba dan ketiga kerajaan Arabia Selatan sbg kawasan yg menghasilkan kemenyan, myrrh, cassia dan cinnamon�6 dan memuja mereka sbg tentara2 berani dan ahli2 dlm pertanian, perdagangan dan pelayaran yg eerhasil melancong ke berbagai negara, khususnya INDIA �7

Arkeologi modern menunjukkan adanya ukiran2 dan sisa2 kompleks istana, kuil2, tembok2 kota, fasilitas umum, khususnya saluran air dsb, yg menunjukkan kekayaan budaya Sabaean �8

Ini sama dgn cerita kaum Nabataean di Arabia Utara atau Arabia Petraea, sama dgn kaum Sabaean di Arabia Selatan, dan melebarkan sayap mereka ke daerah2 frontir Hijaz (Mekah, Medinah). Mereka tidak pernah secara total dijajah oleh raja2 Assyria, atau Medes, Persia atau Macedonia.� Kerajaan Romawilah yg menjajah utk pertama kalinya kerajaan Nabataean di utara, th 106SM dan menamakannya Provincia Arabia.

Kaum Nabataean juga merupakan pedagang2 ulung yg memiliki monopoli di beberapa kawasan Asia.�9 Dari pantheon mereka kita tahu kuil2 dan ukiran2 tulisan di kuil menunjukkan bahwa tuhan utama mereka adalah Dushara (Dhul-Sharã), dewi utama Allãt. �10

Tidak ada satupun inskripsi dari jaman Minaean, Sabaean ataupun Nabataean yg menyebut Abraham atau Ismael atau apapun yg menyangkut kepercayaan Judeo-Kristen atau agama yg akan dipaksakan Muhammad kpd kaum Arab nantinya.

Hanya pada akhir jaman 'jahiliyah' ini nampak sebuah inskripsi di Arabia Selatan, th 542-543M, yg utk pertama kalinya menyebut kekuatan, rahmat (RaHmãnãn) sang Messiah dan Roh Kudus.�11 Inskripsi ini dipasang Abraha, gubernur Arabia Selatan, atas nama raja Kristen, Abyssinia. Cerita ttg Abraha sangat interesan karena menunjukkan kebencian orang2 Arab jahilyah bagi baik Yudaisme maupun Kristen, dan juga bagi nama2 dan istilah2 yg diasosiasikan dgn nama2 tsb.

Sekte monoteis Kristen mendapatkan perlindungan di Najran, provinsi di Arabia Selatan, setelah itu mereka diusir oleh Gereja Resmi dari kawasan Byzantin semasa Raja Justinian I (527-565M). Beberapa Arab dari Najran juga masuk Kristen. Pada saat itu, Dhû Nûwas, raja Yaman yg mencakup Najran, memeluk Yudaisme. Ia menyatakan perang terhdp Kristen Najran setelah mereka menolak masuk agamanya.

Dhû Nûwas, tulis Ibn Ishãq, �datang menantang mereka dgn tentara2nya dan mengundang mereka masuk Yudaisme, memberi mereka pilihan antara Yudaisme atau MATI.

Akhirnya, ia menggali parit2 bagi mereka; membakar sebagian dari mereka dlm api, membunuh mereka dgn pedang dan mencincang2 mereka sampai ia membunuh hampir 20.000 orang
�12

:shock: :shock: PERHATIKAN BAHWA METODE INI KEMUDIAN DICONTEK ISLAM !! :shock:

Kristen2 Najran meminta bantuan Negus, raja Kristen Abyssinia. Tentara Abyssinia dibawah Aryãt menyerang Yaman, mengalahkan dan membunuh Dhû Nûwas dan menjajah tanah tsb. Dibawah perintah Negus, 1/3 wanita dan anak2 Yaman ditangkap, dikirim ke Abyssinia dan dijual sbg budak.13 Arab2 yg memeluk Yudaisme kemudian dibantai.

(perhatikan ... lagi2 contoh2 yg dicontek Muhamad)

Tidak lama kemudian, Abraha menggantikan Aryãt sbg gubernur Abyssinia di Yaman. Ialah yg memasang inskripsi Kristen yg disebut tadi diatas. Kemudian, ia bersumpah akan menghancurkan Kabah, kuil paling penting kepunyaan Arab2 'jahiliyah'. Ia memimpin pasukan ke Mekah thn 570M, tahun yg sama lahirnya Muhammad. Namun Kabah tidak mampu ditaklukkannya, karena sebuah mukjizat yg, kata Arab ketika itu, dilakukan oleh Allãh, dewa paling tinggi mereka.

Lewat cara berdarah inilah, kaum Arab ini mulai mengenal Yudaisme dan Kristen. Tidak heran, bahwa mereka kemudian tidak terlalu suka dgn faham monoteisme ini.

Monoteisme saat itu tidak dikenal dan sangat asing bagi kaum Arab pra-islam yg lebih berpandangan liberal dlm kepercayaan dan metode ibadah mereka. Mereka menyaksikan bgm kedua agama monoteisme itu dng tentara asing melakukan invasi, penjajahan dan pertumpahan darah serta perbudakan wanita2 dan anak2 Arab. Nama Abraham di-asosiasikan dgn kedua agama monoteis tsb, juga kata �RaHmãn�. Tidak heranlah, jika Arab2 jaman itu tidak terlalu senang dgn istilah2 monoteis tsb.

Sejarawan Islam menyebut majunya tentara Abraha ke Mekah, juga frustrasinya dan kemundurannya akibat sebuah mukjizat. TAPI mereka menyembunyikan fakta bahwa Kabah waktu itu adalah tempat ibadah berhala dgn ribuan dewa dan dewi. Malah sejarawan2 islam BERBOHONG dan mengatakan bahwa mukjizat itu adalah dari Tuhannya AbrahaM. Namun pada saat itu, Tuhannya Abraham sama sekali tidak dikenal dan Allãhnya kaum berhala belum diculik oleh Muhammad dan diresmikan sbg tuhannya Islam.


Karakter Arab2 Pra-Islam

Seorang profesor dari Pakistan mengatakan (walau pandangannya tidak bebas dari tekanan Islam) :

Walau agama berpengaruh sedikit pada kehidupan Arab2 pra-Islam, kita tidak boleh menganggap mereka sebuah bangsa tanpa hukum. Kaum berhala Arabia kuno memiliki aturan2 moralitas sendiri yg bisa digambarkan secara singkat disini. Mereka tidak memiliki codex tertulis,
religius ataupun legal, kecuali adat tradisional yg dijaga lewat opini publik, namun adat2 moral dan sosial mereka dipertahankan dlm puisi2 merkea, yg merupakan satu2nya bentuk literatur yg diwariskan kpd kami dari jaman itu.

Antologi puisi paling terkenal disebut dgn sajak2 Hamãsah, yg bercerita ttg kesatriaan dan perang antar suku dan menyanjung keberanian dlm berperang, ketabahan, kesabaran, kesetiaan dan pembelaan kebenaran. (Macam cerita Mahabharata, gitu)

Raja Persia mengatakan kpd seorang pangeran Arab pra-Islam bahwa orang2 Arab lebih inferior dari bangsa2 lain. Namun si pangeran menjawab, bangsa mana mampu menyaingi kecantikan, ketulusan, keberanian, kesetiaan dan kebijakan bangsa Arab ?

Ia begitu liberal sampai sudi memotong satu2nya kekayaannya (ontanya) hanya utk memberikan dagingnya kpd tamu asing yg bermalam dirumahnya hanya utk semalam. Tidak ada bangsa yg memiliki puisi begitu kaya atau sebuah bahasa yg begitu ekspresif spt mereka. Kuda2 mereka merupakan yg paling canggih, wanita2 mereka yg paling setia dan onta2 yg paling tahan gurun. Mereka begitu setia pada prinsip2 mereka sampai pembunuh2 ayah mereka sekalipun mereka tidak akan sentuh selama bulan2 suci (bulan2 haram).

Jika sebuah budaya akan dinilai dari status wanita mereka, maka wanita2 pra-Arab mendapat angka 10 ! Mereka memuja DEWI2, memberikan status tinggi pada wanita. Perempuan ketika itu berprofesi sbg ratu, peramal, nabi, dokter & pedagang2 ulung yg mempekerjakan lelaki dan memiliki kekayaannya sendiri dan tidak perlu ijin lelaki utk keluar rumah dan boleh mencari dan melamar calon2 suami mereka. (contoh : Khadijah, atau kemudian dikenal dgn Mrs Muhammad !) �17

Hind, istri musuh utama Muhammad, Abû Sufyãn, juga merupakan wantia gagah berani yg menemani suaminya di ajang pertempuran. Ketika Abû
Sufyãn menyerah Mekah kpd Muhammad tanpa pertempuran, ia menariknya ddi pasar dan menjerit : BUNUH BANDOT BABI INI ! Pelindung rakyatnya yg PAYAH ! (Kill this fat greasy bladder of lard! What a rotten protector of the people!18)

Ia dipaksa masuk Islam dan Muhammad mengatakan agar ia tidak boleh berzinah. Ia menjawab, 'Apakah wanita bebas melakukan perzinahan ?' Lalu Muhammad mengatakan agar ia tidak membunuh anak2nya. Ia menjawab, 'Saya yg membesarkan mereka dan KAUlah yg membunuh mereka di Badr, jadi seharunya KAUlah yg lebih tahu ttg hal ini !'19

Ibn Ishãq mengaku, 'Ketika rasul menunjukkan Islam kpd rakyat pra-Islam, mereka tidak mengundurkan diri atau memusuhinya, KECUALI saat ia menghina dewa dewi mereka.' 20

Abû Tãlib, paman dan pelindung Muhammad sendiri menolak masuk Islam. Sayang ia tidak mengerti ttg kebengisan Islam dan menentang Muhammad telak2 !

Oleh karena itu, pencelaan Muslim terhdp kaum Arab pra-Islam, dan menyebut mereka 'jahiliyah', sama saja dgn merusak, menghina, mencemarkan dan menghujad nama baik orang.

Lenin, Hitler dan Mao Tse-tung juga sukses mencemarkan nama baik rejim2 sebelum mereka. Oleh karena itu, kejahatan2 yg dilakukan oleh Arab yg di-Islamiisasi tidak boleh disalahkan kpd Arab jaman pra-Islam. Islamlah yg membrutalisasi Arab2 tsb dan merubah mereka menjadi bandit2 haus darah.

--------------------------------------
Footnotes:
1 First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936, Leiden, 1987, Vol. VII, P. 15.

2 See D.S. Margoliouth, Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, London, 1905, New Delhi Reprint. 1985, p. 73, �To the Meccans,� he says, �he [Abraham] was not even a name.�

3 Converts to Islam in every other land follow the pattern. They disown their real forefathers and link themselves to this or that tribe of Jews or Arabs. Muslims of Afghanistan and Kashmir for instance regard themselves as descended from some lost tribes of Israel. Muslims of Bangladesh have produced learned treatises tracing their descent to Islamized invaders. But for the labours of Firdawsî, the Muslims of Iran would not have known that their infidel forefathers were great and glorious.

4 First Encyclopaedia of Islam, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 377.

5 The Encyclopaedia Americana, New York, 1952, Vol. XXIV, p. 77.

6 First Encyclopaedia of Islam, op. cit., Vol. VII, p. 5.

7 Ibid., p. 7.

8 Ibid., p. 17.

9 Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 801.

10 Ibid., p. 802.

11 Ibid., Vol. I, p. 377.

12 Ibn Ishãq, Sîrat Rasûl Allãh, translated into English by A. Gillaumne, OUP, Karachi, Seventh Impression, p. 17. Ibn Ishãq (d. AD 767) was the first biographer of Muhammad.

13 Ibid., p 19.

14 This statement has no basis, as we shall see. The pagan Arabs fought Muhammad in defence of a religion which they cherished. They had no other reason to quarrel with the Prophet.

15 Shaikh Inayatullah, former Professor of Arabic in the University of the Punjab, Lahore, �Pre-Islamic Arabian Thought�, an article in A History of Muslim Philosophy, edited by M.M. Sharif, Lahore, 1961, Vol. I, pp. 133-34. The legend of Hãtim Tayy, poet and knight, is still popular among Muslims. He represents the �ideal type of the Pre-Muhammadan Arab� because he �displayed in a high degree the virtues of Murûwa. particularly hospitality and liberality in the practice of which he paid no regard to his own needs�. His �generosity has become proverbial� (First Encyclopaedia of Islam, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 290.

16 D.S. Margoliouth, op. cit, pp. 2-3.

17 Ibid., p. 30.

18 Ibn Ishãq, op. cit., p. 548.

19 Ibid., p. 533. It is a despicable lie that the pre-Islamic Arabs killed their children. Muhammad asked the Arabs not to commit this crime simply because the Jewish prophets had spoken against it, and not because he saw the Arabs committing it. Hind gave a fitting reply.

20 Ibid., op. cit., p. 118. Muslim apologists may say that abusing other people�s Gods not intolerance because that is what Islam means. But that is a different proposition.

21 Ibid., p. 191-92.

Posted: Wed Aug 08, 2007 11:30 pm
by ali5196
http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/4.htm
Pre-Islamic Period/Masa pra-Islam

...

Meningkatnya perdagangan trans-Arab menghasilkan 2 hal penting:
mencuatnya kota2 yg menyediakan jasa transpor onta yg dapat melewati gurun pasir. Kota2 yg paling makmur adalah Petra di Yordania dan Pamyra di Suriah, tapi kota2 karavan kecil juga tumbuh didalam jazirah Arab. Yang paling penting adalah Mekah, yg juga makmur karena memiliki kuil2 yg merupakan tujuan hijrah orang2 Arab dari seluruh jazirah.

Arab jaman itu, khususnya yg melakukan hijrah, percaya akan sejumlah dewa dan ritual pemujaan bagi dewa2 tsb. Kepercayaan paling penting menyangkut tempat dan waktu2 tertentu yg dianggap sakral. Pada saat itu, perang dilarang karena adanya ritual2 yg harus dituruti. Hijrah merupakan salah satu ritual tsb, dan tempat hijrah paling terkenal adalah Mekah.

Hasil kedua akibat meningkatnya perdagangan Arab adalah kontak dgn dunia luar. Pada saat itu, orang Persia dan Romawi merupakan superpower jaman dan suku2 Arab yg membatasi kawasan2 itu ikut terlibat dlm urusan politik superpower. Setelah 400 A.D., kedua superpower itu membayar suku2 Arab agar saling melindungi perbatasan kawasan mereka sambil juga memporakporadnakan batasan musuh.

Dlm jangka panjang, yang paling penting adalah tersebarnya cara pemikiran dan kepercayaan orang2 yg melancong dalam karavan onta ini.Th 500 A.D., pemujaan tradisional Arab berbentuk macam2. Kaum
Sabaean di Arab Selatan mengikuti sistim kepercayaan mereka sendiri yg kuat dibagian pusat jazirah. Kaum Hanif, yg disebut dlm Quran dianggap pengikut agama monetheistic, dan tersebar luas di jazirah. Selain itu juga ada komunitas2 yg turun temurun spt Kristen dan Yahudi. Disepanjang pantai teluk ada kaum Nestorian, sementara di Yemen, Syrian Orthodox dan kelompok2 Kristen kecil ditemukan di antara kaum Beduin dan di biara2 yg tersebar di Utara Hijrah.

Pd abad ke 6, sebelum lahirnya Muhammad, kota Najran, di Arab bagian
malah ada gereja Kristen, lengkap dgn uskup, biarawan/biarawati, pastor, suster dsb dan diperintah raja Yahudi. Yahudi tidak hanya merupakan bagian penting dari penduduk Yemen, tetapi juga bagian penting dari masyarakat2 oase di kawasan Medinah.

Source: U.S. Library of Congress

PS: dimana mereka sekarang ?

Posted: Sat Dec 29, 2007 8:57 pm
by ali5196
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/e ... mpaign.GIF

Pre-Islamic Arabia

The history of Pre-Islamic Arabia before the rise of Islam in the 630s is not known in great detail. Archaeological exploration in the Arabian peninsula has been sparse; indigenous written sources are limited to the many inscriptions and coins from southern Arabia. Existing material consists primarily of written sources from other traditions (such as Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Romans, etc.) and oral traditions later recorded by Islamic scholars.

The study of Pre-Islamic Arabia is important to Islamic studies as it provides the context for the development of Islam.

There are epigraphic Old South Arabian sources from about the 9th century BC, and Old North Arabian one from about the 6th century BC. From the 3rd century AD, Arabian history becomes more tangible with the rise of the Himyarite Kingdom, and with the appearance of the Qahtanis in the Levant and the gradual assimilation of the Nabateans by the Qahtanis in the early centuries AD, a tendency of expansion that finally culminated in the explosive Muslim conquests of the 7th century.

Contents [hide]
1 Bronze Age Arabia
1.1 Early Semitic migrations
1.2 Magan and A'ad
2 Iron Age South Arabia
2.1 Kingdom of Ma'in (9th century BC - 1st century BC)
2.2 Kingdom of Saba (9th century BC - 275AD)
2.3 Kingdom of Hadhramaut (8th century BC - 3rd century AD)
2.4 Kingdom of Awsan (8th century BC - 6th century BC)
3 The Achaemenids in Northern Arabia
4 Nabateans
4.1 Palmyra
5 Qataban & Himyar in South Arabia
5.1 Kingdom of Qataban (4th century BC - 3rd century AD)
5.2 Kingdom of Himyar (2nd Century BC - 525 AD)
5.3 Aksumite occupation of Yemen (525 AD - 570 AD)
5.4 Sassanid period (570 AD - 630 AD)
6 Qahtani expansion to the North
6.1 Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Kindites
7 Bedouin tribes

The earliest known events in Arabian history are migrations from the peninsula into neighbouring areas.[1] In the 3rd millennium BC, Semitic-speaking peoples migrated from the Arabian peninsula into Mesopotamia, settled in Sumer, and eventually established the Akkadian Empire under Sargon of Akkad (c. 2300).[2] The Babylonians and Assyrians were later descended from the Semitic Akkadians.

The East Semitic group established itself at Ebla. The Amorites were West Semitic speakers who left Arabia in the late 3rd millennium and settled along the Levant. Some of these migrants evolved into the Amorites and Canaanites of later times.[3][4]

Magan and A'ad
Magan is attested as the name of a trading partner of the Sumer. It is often assumed to be located in Oman.
The A'adids established themselves in South Arabia settleing to the East of the Qahtan tribe. They established the Kingdom of A'ad around the 10th century BC to the 3rd century AD.

The A'ad nation were known to the Greeks and Egyptians. Claudius Ptolemy's Geographos (2nd century AD) refers to the place by a Hellenized version of the inhabitants of the capital Ubar.

Iron Age South Arabia
Main article: Ancient history of Yemen

Image
What is left of Awam Temple or the Sun temple in Marib. Built in the 8th century BC and performed its function for nearly 1000 years.

Image
Sabaean inscription adressed to the moon-god Almaqah, mentioning five South Arabian gods, two reigning sovereigns and two governors, 7th century BCE.

A Griffon from the royal palace at Shabwa, the capital city of Hadhramaut.

Kingdom of Ma'in (9th century BC - 1st century BC)
Main article: Minaean

During Minaean rule the capital was at Karna (now known as Sadah). Their other important city was Yathill (now known as Baraqish). The Minaean Kingdom was centered in northwestern Yemen, with most of its cities laying along the Wadi Madhab. Minaic inscriptions have been found far afield of the Kingdom of Ma'in, as far away as al-`Ula in northwestern Saudi Arabia and even on the island of Delos and in Egypt. It was the first of the South Arabian kingdoms to end, and the Minaic language died around 100 CE.[5]

[edit]
Kingdom of Saba (9th century BC - 275AD)
Main article: Sabaeans

During Sabaean rule, trade and agriculture flourished generating much wealth and prosperity. The Sabaean kingdom is located in what is now the Aseer region in southwestern Yemen, and its capital, Ma'rib, is located near what is now Yemen's modern capital, Sana'a.[6] According to South Arabian tradition, the eldest son of Noah, Shem, founded the city of Ma'rib.

During Sabaean rule, Yemen was called "Arabia Felix" by the Romans who were impressed by its wealth and prosperity. The Roman emperor Augustus sent a military expedition to conquer the "Arabia Felix", under the orders of Aelius Gallus. After an unsuccessful siege of Ma'rib, the Roman general retreated to Egypt, while his fleet destroyed the port of Aden in order to guarantee the Roman merchant route to India.

The success of the Kingdom was based on the cultivation and trade of spices and aromatics including frankincense and myrrh. These were exported to the Mediterranean, India, and Abyssinia where they were greatly prized by many cultures, using camels on routes through Arabia, and to India by sea.

During the 8th and 7th century BCE, there was a close contact of cultures between the Kingdom of Dʿmt in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea and Saba'. Though the civilization was indigenous and the royal inscriptions were written in a sort of proto-Ethiosemitic, there were also some Sabaean immigrants in the kingdom as evidenced by a few of the Dʿmt inscriptions.[7][8]

Agriculture in Yemen thrived during this time due to an advanced irrigation system which consisted of large water tunnels in mountains, and dams. The most impressive of these earthworks, known as the Ma'rib Dam was built ca. 700 BCE, provided irrigation for about 25,000 acres (101 km²) of land[9] and stood for over a millennium, finally collapsing in 570 CE after centuries of neglect.

[edit]
Kingdom of Hadhramaut (8th century BC - 3rd century AD)
Main article: Hadhramaut

Image
The first known inscriptions of Hadramaut are known from the 8th century BCE. It was first referenced by an outside civilization in an Old Sabaic inscription of Karab'il Watar from the early 7th century BCE, in which the King of Hadramaut, Yada`'il, is mentioned as being one of his allies. When the Minaeans took control of the caravan routes in the 4th century BCE, however, Hadramaut became one of its confederates, probably because of commercial interests. It later became independent and was invaded by the growing kingdom of Himyar toward the end of the first century BCE, but it was able to repel the attack. Hadramaut annexed Qataban in the second half of the 2nd century AD, reaching its greatest size. The kingdom of Hadramaut was eventually conquered by the Himyarite king Shammar Yuhar`ish around 300 CE, unifying all of the South Arabian kingdoms.[10]

[edit]
Kingdom of Awsan (8th century BC - 6th century BC)
Main article: Awsan

The ancient Kingdom of Awsan in South Arabia (modern Yemen), with a capital at Hagar Yahirr in the wadi Markha, to the south of the wadi Bayhan, is now marked by a tell or artificial mound, which is locally named Hagar Asfal.

[edit]
The Achaemenids in Northern Arabia
Main article: Arabia (satrapy)

Achaemenid Arabia corresponded to the lands between Egypt and Mesopotamia, later known as Arabia Petraea. According to Herodotus, Cambyses did not subdue the bedouins when he attacked Egypt in 525 BCE. His successor Darius the Great does not mention the bedouins in the Behistun inscription from the first years of his reign, but mentions them in later texts. This suggests that Darius conquered this part of Arabia.[11][12]

[edit]
Nabateans
Main article: Nabateans

The Nabateans are not to be found among the tribes that are listed in Arab genealogies because the Nabatean kingdom ended long time before the coming of Islam. They settled east of the Syro-African rift between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, that is, in the land that had once been Edom. And although the first sure reference to them dates from 312 BC, it is possible that they were present much earlier. Originally speaking an Aramaic language, they adopted an Old North Arabian dialect from ca. the 4th century AD.

Petra (from the Latin petrae, meaning 'of rock') lies in a great rift valley east of Wadi `Araba in Jordan about 80 kilometers south of the Dead Sea. It came into prominence in the late first century BCE (BC) through the success of the spice trade. The city was the principal city of ancient Nabataea and was famous above all for two things: its trade and its hydraulic engineering systems. It was locally autonomous until the reign of Trajan, but it flourished under Roman rule. The town grew up around its Colonnaded Street in the first century and by the mid-first century had witnessed rapid urbanization. The quarries were probably opened in this period, and there followed virtually continuous building through the first and second centuries CE.

[edit]
Palmyra
For more details on this topic, see Palmyra.

Palmyra was made part of the Roman province of Syria during the reign of Tiberius (14–37). It steadily grew in importance as a trade route linking Persia, India, China, and the Roman empire. In 129, Hadrian visited the city and was so enthralled by it that he proclaimed it a free city and renamed it Palmyra Hadriana. In the mid-first century, Palmyra, a wealthy and elegant city located along the caravan routes linking Persia with the Mediterranean ports of Roman Syria and Phoenicia, came under Roman control. During the following period of great prosperity, the Arab citizens of Palmyra adopted customs and modes of dress from both the Iranian Parthian world to the east and the Graeco-Roman west.

[edit]
Qataban & Himyar in South Arabia

[edit]
Kingdom of Qataban (4th century BC - 3rd century AD)
Main article: Qataban

Qataban was one of the ancient Yemeni kingdoms which thrived in the Baihan valley. Like the other Southern Arabian kingdoms it gained great wealth from the trade of frankincense and myrrh incense which were burned at altars. The capital of Qataban was named Timna and was located on the trade route which passed through the other kingdoms of Hadramaut, Saba and Ma'in. The chief deity of the Qatabanians was Amm, or "Uncle" and the people called themselves the "children of Amm".

[edit]
Kingdom of Himyar (2nd Century BC - 525 AD)

Statue of Ammaalay,1st century BC, Yemen
Main article: Himyar

The Himyarites rebelled against Qataban and eventually united Southwestern Arabia, controlling the Red Sea as well as the coasts of the Gulf of Aden. From their capital city, the Himyarite Kings launched successful military campaigns, and had stretched its domain at times as far east to the Persian Gulf and as far north to the Arabian Desert.

During the 3rd century CE, the South Arabian kingdoms were in continuous conflict with one another. Gadarat of Aksum began to interfere in South Arabian affairs, signing an alliance with Saba', and a Himyarite text notes that Hadramaut and Qataban were also all allied against the kingdom. As a result of this, the Kingdom of Aksum was able to capture the Himyarite capital of Thifar in the first quarter of the 3rd century. However, the alliances did not last, and Sha`ir Awtar of Saba' unexpectedly turned on Hadramaut, allying again with Aksum and taking its capital in 225. Himyar then allied with Saba' and invaded the newly taken Aksumite territories, retaking Thifar, which had been under the control of Gadarat's son Beygat, and pushing Aksum back into the Tihama.[13][14]

[edit]
Aksumite occupation of Yemen (525 AD - 570 AD)

They[attribution needed] established their capital at Thifar (now just a small village in the Ibb region) and gradually absorbed the Sabaean kingdom. They traded from the port of Mawza'a on the Red Sea. Dhu Nuwas, a Himyarite king, changed the state religion to Judaism in the beginning of the 6th century and began to massacre the Christians. Outraged, Kaleb, the Christian King of Aksum with the encouragement of the Byzantine Emperor Justin I invaded and annexed Yemen. The Aksumites controlled Himyar and attempted to invade Mecca in the year of the elephant 570CE, Eastern Yemen remained allied to the Sassanids via tribal alliances with the Lakhmids, which brought the Sassanid army into Yemen ending the Aksumite period.

[edit]
Sassanid period (570 AD - 630 AD)

The Persian king Khosrau I, sent troops under the command of Vahriz (Persian اسپهبد وهرز), who helped the semi-legendary Saif bin Dhi Yazan to drive the Ethiopian Aksumites out of Yemen. Southern Arabia became a Persian dominion under a Yemenite vassal and thus came within the sphere of influence of the Sassanid Empire. After the dissolvment of the Lakhmids another army was sent to Yemen making it a province of the Sassanid Empire under a Persian satrap. Following the death of Khosrau II in 628, then the Persian governor in Southern Arabia, Badhan, converted to Islam and Yemen followed the new religion.

[edit]
Qahtani expansion to the North
Further information: History of the Levant, Syria (Roman province), Arabia Petraea, and Arab

In Sassanid times, Arabia Petraea was a border province between the Roman and Persian empires, and from the early centuries AD was increasingly affected by South Arabian influence, notably with the Ghassanids migrating north from the 3rd century.

[edit]
Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Kindites
Further information: Lakhmids, Ghassanids, Kindites, and Kahlan

The Ghassanids,Lakhmids and Kindites were the last major migration of non-muslims out of Yemen to the north.
The Ghassanids revived the Semitic presence in the then Hellenized Syria. They mainly settled the Hauran region and spread to modern Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan. The Ghassanids held Syria until engulfed by the expansion of Islam.

Coin showing the Roman Emperor, Philip the Arab.

Greeks and Romans referred to all the nomadic population of the desert in the Near East as Arabi. The Greeks called Yemen "Arabia Felix".[1], The Romans called the vassal nomadic states within the Roman Empire "Arabia Petraea" after the city of Petra, and called unconquered deserts bordering the empire to the south and east Arabia Magna.[2]
The Lakhmids settled the mid Tigris region around their capital Al-hira they ended up allying with the Sassanid against the Ghassanids and the Byzantine Empire. The Lakhmids contested control of the Central Arabian tribes with the Kindites with the Lakhmids eventually destroying Kinda in 540 after the fall of their main ally Himyar. The Sassanids dissolved the Lakhmid kingdom in 602.
The Kindites migrated from Yemen along with the Ghassanids and Lakhmids, but were turned back in Bahrain by the Abdul Qais Rabi'a tribe. They returned to Yemen and allied themselves with the Himyarites who installed them as a vassal kingdom that ruled Central Arbia from Qaryah dhat Kahl (the present-day Qaryat al-Faw) in Central Arabia. They ruled much of the Northern/Central Arabian peninsula until the fall of the Himyarites in 525AD.

[edit]
Bedouin tribes
Main articles: Tribes of Arabia and Bedouin

Much of the Arab lineages provided before Ma'ad relies on biblical genealogy. The general consensus among 14th century Arabic genealogists was that Arabs are of three kinds:
"Perishing Arabs": These are the ancients of whose history little is known. They include ‘Ad, Thamud, Tasm, Jadis, Imlaq and others. Jadis and Tasm perished because of genocide. Ad and Thamud perished because of their decadence. Some people in the past doubted their existence, but Imlaq is the singular form of 'Amaleeq and is probably synonymous to the biblical Amalek.
"Pure Arabs": They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan so were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
"Arabized Arabs": They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ishmael Son of the biblical patriarch Abraham and were also called ‘Adnani Arabs.

[edit]
Religion
For more details on Ancient Semitic religion, see Arabian mythology.

There is very little material on which to base a description of pre-Islamic religion, particularly in Mecca and the Hijaz. The Qur'an and the hadith, or recorded oral traditions, give some hints as to this religion. Islamic commentators have elaborated these hints into a coherent account that most academics doubt in part or in whole.
Christianity is known to have been active in the region prior to the rise of Islam, especially unorthodox, possibly gnostic forms of it.[15]

[edit]
Western view

Western academics believe that the stories of Abraham and Ishmael and the divine origin of the Kaaba are myths. Most academics do accept that the Kaaba was a cult center housing a number of gods, that it was a pilgrimage center, and that the Black Stone was a feature of the pre-Islamic Kaaba. However, there is not enough evidence to prove the theories one way or another.[citation needed]

[edit]
Muslim view

Islamic scholars say that the Kaaba, the sacred edifice which all Muslims pray, was built by the patriarch Abraham and his son Ishmael. One of the cornerstones of the Kaaba, the Black Stone, was sent down from heaven. The Kaaba was the center of Islam, as revealed to Abraham and Ishmael, and it was maintained by Ishmael's descendants for generations. However, Ishmael's descendants, the Arabian tribes, fell into idolatry and filled the Kaaba with idols. They still remembered Allah, the one god, but accepted idols as his "associates". There were a few hanif who still maintained the pure Abrahamic faith, but they were few and had no power to cleanse the Kaaba. Then came Muhammad,the last prophet of Islam, and denounced idolatry. After he took power in Mecca, he destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and re-established the pure and ancient worship.[citation needed]

(Shi'a Muslims -- as well as a few Sunni -- believe that Muhammad and his family, including his cousin Ali, were hanif and thus never sullied by worship of idols.)[citation needed]

The Muslim view of the pre-Islamic religion, then, is that it was pagan, barbaric, and idolatrous. The most important gods were evidently Hubal and the three "daughters of God", Manat, Allat, and al-Uzza. Islamic traditions supply the names of hundreds of other gods as well. The Arabians sacrificed animals to the gods and made pilgrimages to cult centers. Mecca was only one of many cult centers.[citation needed]

Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2008 12:55 pm
by robint
ada yg bisa bantu gak ya. saya lagi pengen tau apakah kata Allah dlm huruf arab itu memang terdiri dr A-L-L-A-H ato sebenarnya cum asimbol seperti misalkan bintang Daud disimbolkan dng bintang segi enam dan ato Siwa dgn bulan sabitnya.

thank you

Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2008 10:20 pm
by loekoenyoek
robint wrote:ada yg bisa bantu gak ya. saya lagi pengen tau apakah kata Allah dlm huruf arab itu memang terdiri dr A-L-L-A-H ato sebenarnya cum asimbol seperti misalkan bintang Daud disimbolkan dng bintang segi enam dan ato Siwa dgn bulan sabitnya.

thank you
Silahkan buka di http://www.gkmin.net/ semoga menambah pengetahuan anda.Ybu

Posted: Wed Apr 08, 2009 10:04 pm
by ali5196
http://www.imninalu.net/myths-Arabs.htm" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

[...]

Image
Map showing the distribution of the Northern and Southern Arabian peoples :
notice that Central Arabia was primarily a Kushite territory, in which both Northern and Southern Arabians converged in a later period


Unification and transformation

A great amount of historic documents concerning early Arabs have been destroyed in Islamic times in order to annihilate the memory of the original background from which Islam emerged and how did it change the cultural features of the Arabs - so, it is not a surprising factor that they did likewise with the peoples that they subdued. Only strongly established cultures resisted and were not "arabized" (like Jews, Assyrians, Coptic Egyptians, Armenians, that never surrendered to Islam). Yet, we still have enough elements to reconstruct the facts concerning the pre-Islamic Arabian culture, and it is interesting that it was a female-centred and even a female-ruled society. This characteristic regarded primarily the Central Arabian and also the Northern tribes, not properly the Southern Arabian culture. Therefore, in order to enable a better comprehensibility, in this chapter we will define with the term "Arabian" or "Arab" the peoples of the Northern and Central regions, and "Yemenite" those of the Southern kingdoms (the term Yemenite indeed indicates the right hand, meaning the south).

According to the Chronicles of King Ashurbanipal and preceding Assyrian records, the Arabians have been ruled mainly by queens since the dim and distant past, like their Kushite brothers in Africa. Notable Arabian sovereigns like Zabibi and her daughter/successor Shamsi not only were the queens but also the warrior leaders of their own armies which included a large number of women-fighters; even tough they were submitted by Assyrian kings as vassals, these queens were credited for their aptitude for leadership. Subsequently, the King Assarhadon appointed an Assyrian princess over the Arabs according to their custom of having female rulers. It is indeed a very strange tradition for an allegedly Semitic people, but a typical feature among Kushites: on the African side of the Red Sea, kingdoms like Meroë and Ethiopia were traditionally ruled by queens. Also the Amazigh people under their warrior queen Kahena opposed a fierce resistance to the muslim invaders. Undoubtedly, the government system of pre-Islamic Arabians was not Semitic but Hamitic.
There are conclusive evidences that Arabians had a matrilineal succession, the husband entered the wife's clan and lived in her home, and it was generally the woman who decided to divorce. Women were free to choose their partner, and often married younger men. It was also usual that clans had female names, and there are some hints that suggest that even polyandry was practised - a custom not found among Semites but within some peoples in India and other regions of Asia. Also their religion had the same character, as the worship of the goddesses, the "daughters of Allah" (name of a pre-Islamic moon-god) prevailed over that of the male idols. It is not the purpose of this essay to show the true origin of Islam, yet it is interesting how did it manage to reverse all the Arabians' culture - it is not the sole event of this kind in history, just consider how Communism took the power over the deeply religious Russians, overturning many of their traditional values. The Islamic doctrines altered the genuine Kushitic nature of the Arabs and imposed the male tyranny, that includes women-beating and other aberrant humiliations like clitoridectomy - characters that do not help to qualify Islam as Semitic either. The Islamic insistence on the rules that women must obey has not any ethnic connotation but is the result of a reaction against the freedom and power that Arabian women enjoyed when this religion was founded (by someone who experimented such a female "domination" in his own family). In fact, the Kushite cultural heritage lasted much longer in Central Arabia, the cradle of Islam, rather than in the Northern and Southern regions, where the Nabatean and Himyarite civilizations were in contact with the western world and had become quite cosmopolitan. http://www.nabataea.net/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

The Nabateans learnt literature, sciences and arts from their neighbours and were Hellenized up to a certain degree; most of them also converted to Judaism and Christianity. It was in Roman times that they reached their splendour and expanded their influence over Central Arabia; cities like Khaybar, Yathrib and Mekka became important Nabatean centres. Most of the Jews dwelling in Arabia in those times were indeed converted Nabateans, as well as the Christians that settled as south as Najran, in the Yemenite region. Paradoxically, a large number of true Ishmaelites were murdered by the Islamic hordes in the massacres of Jews at Khaybar and Medina. The notions about Jewish and Christian traditions were actually the source from which Nabateans rediscovered their Ishmaelite origin, as the name of Ishmael was completely lost in their own tradition. The Arabic form of this name shows internal evidence that it was translated from Greek or perhaps Syriac. This remote connection with a Biblical figure was enhanced on purpose by the promoters of Islam in order to create themselves a prestigious ancestry, although without having actual proofs of the Ishmaelite descent of Nabateans. As we have already said, the Arabians were primarily a Kushite people and that is what they were considered by their Semitic neighbours as well; Ishmael's offspring developed as a Hamitic people for many generations. In fact, the only ancestor they remembered was Adnan, whose origin is unknown and maybe legendary, or perhaps a Kushite to whom in Islamic times was ascribed Ishmaelite lineage. It was mainly in Roman times that the Nabateans absorbed some Semitic tribes (Edomites, Moabites, Ammonites and Aramean clans from Syria), that contributed to add an important Semitic element to their ethnicity, nevertheless, none of these Semites was originated from Ishmael!

Concerning the Yemenites, in early times they had been ruled by queens according to the Kushitic tradition. The Semitic Yoqtanites assimilated the original Hamitic tribes and adopted their female monarchy system. Since they did not leave any written account of their own history previous to the Assyrian period, the only available document regarding the Sabean monarchy before the 8th century b.c.e. is recorded in the Hebrew Scriptures, that reports the journey of the Queen of Sheva to Jerusalem. The description of the Queen illustrates the daring character of a typical Arabian female ruler; she presented herself to test the mighty King Shlomoh with hard questions and spoke to him openly. The Hebrew expression "she came to Shlomoh" used in the Bible in 1Kings 10:2 and 2Chronicles 9:1 conveys an interesting implication: that she had the explicit purpose of sexual relations with the King, who was not reluctant to accomplish her wishes, as it is written in following verses that "King Shlomoh gave to the Queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked", implying that he also satisfied her sexually. This event became the source of many legends suggesting that both sovereigns had a son that founded a Solomonic dynasty that ruled in Yemen (or Ethiopia). There are not reliable proofs that may credit such a possibility, except that about two centuries later the Sabeans had a Semitic-styled male monarchy, and one of the earliest kings mentioned was Yati'amar, which is a Hebrew name (Ithamar).

Since the 3rd century c.e. the Sabean Himyarite Kingdom was enjoying a cultural revival in which the historical Israelite presence played an essential role, so much that even the king Dhu Nuwas adopted Judaism (even though the ancient Sabean religion was still practised by most Yemenites). This new feature was not appreciated by the nominally Christian Ethiopia and the Eastern Roman Empire, that agreed in joining their efforts to overthrow the Himyarite Kingdom. The Yemenite economy was weakened because of the commercial boycott promoted by the rival states that subsequently moved war against the Himyarite Kingdom. Yemen fell under the Ethiopians, that occupied the country and settled their own dynasty in 525 c.e. Yet, the Ethiopian Axumite rule did not last long, the ambitions of Byzantium and Persia to take control over the region resulted in a victory for the Persians, that subjected the whole Southern Arabia around 570 c.e. until the Islamic invasion. The end of the independent Yemen paved the way for their unification with the Nabatean Arabs advancing from the north.

At this point we have got a general description of the ethnic composition of Arabia when the whole peninsula was unified and the Arabic language was defined.

Conclusion:

After a careful and accurate research about the origin and identity of the Arabs, we can distinguish the myths from the facts:
·Myths:
1) Arabs are Ishmaelites: this is not true for the overwhelming majority of them. There are not written records by which not even a single Arab is able prove a direct descent from Ishmael. The alleged genealogies have been invented in Islamic times after some Nabateans converted to Judaism or Christianity discovered the possible link that they had with Ishmael, a name that was completely lost in Arabia and was translated from Greek sources.
2) Arabs are Semites: This is a relative truth - the Arabic language is Semitic, because its sources are ancient Semitic tongues spoken by both Sabeans and Nabateans. Also Ghe'ez and Amharic, languages of the Ethiopians, are Semitic, nevertheless the Ethiopian people are Kushites, not Semites.
3) Arabic was spoken in ancient times: false, it is the most recent of all Semitic languages, and evolved from Nabatean, Sabean, Lihyanite, Safaitic, Thamudic and other tongues. There was not a single document written in Arabic until Roman times.

·Facts:
1) Arabs are primarily Hamitic, with a relevant Semitic contribution.
2) Ancient Nabateans were mainly Kushitic. Although their forefather was Ishmael, he and his offspring married within the Kushite inhabitants of Northern Arabia, and were regarded as "Mušuri" (Egyptians) by the Assyrians, who did not recognize Arabs as a Semitic people.
3) Ancient Yemenites (Sabeans, Mineans and others) were of mixed Semitic/Hamitic stock.
4) The pre-Islamic Arabs had a Kushitic culture; they were mainly ruled by queens like the Nubians, Ethiopians and other Hamitic nations, and had a female-centred society.
5) Islam has reversed the original culture into a male-ruled society, yet not adopting a Semitic style but just imposing a system based on applying the opposite patterns to the previous social rules and customs.

Ancient Arabians had a great culture, that might have evolved into a modern civilization and a developed society like other peoples of the Middle East as the Jews or the Armenians, but their original culture was destroyed and their history was replaced by legends...

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Tue Jul 07, 2009 4:32 pm
by yin

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Sat Nov 27, 2010 8:02 am
by crayon-sinchan
skyo wrote:sejarah kemajuan manusia memang mengalami pasang surut,dimulai dg ajaran Islam sejak nabi Adam,hingga mengalami surut pasca wafatnya sang nabi,begoitu terus berulang,arab saat masih mengikuti ajaran Islam yg dibawa oleh nabi Isa dan para nabi sebelumnya,nabi Ibrahim dll memang maju dan beradab,tapi seiring waktu mulai surut pasca wafatnya para nabi terdahulu,hingga memasuki masa jahiliyah lagi,lalu muncullah nabi muhammad u/ meluruskan kembali pada ajaran Islam yg sebenarnya.
dan inilah ajaran islam yg sebenarnyaaaaa... (drum
roll)..... taraaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa......


Image
ga boleh keluar rumah, cuma jadi objek pemuas seksual

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Tue Nov 30, 2010 9:12 pm
by mbah.erott
skyo wrote:Tanpa kehadiran nabi Muhammad,maka bayi2 perempuan diarab akan masih dikubur hidup2 krn anak perempuan dianggap sbg aib. Byk pejabat wanita dimasa kekhalifahan pemerintahan Nabi Muhammad,spt Khaulah,dll. byk jg pejuang Indonesia muslim spt Cut Nya' Dien dll,lah wanita kresten mana? lol!
Semuanya orang arab di jaman itu melakukan kejahatan seperti itu :stun:
Mana buktinya yah..? [-X

Posted: Wed Dec 01, 2010 5:18 am
by ali5196
skyo wrote:... dll. byk jg pejuang Indonesia muslim spt Cut Nya' Dien dll,lah wanita kresten mana? lol!
Emangnay Cut Nyak dien pahlawan ? Zombie Arab penghancur budaya Aceh pra-Islam = pahlawan tohhh ... Ohh, baru tahu gua! :vom:

Posted: Wed Dec 01, 2010 5:19 am
by ali5196
skyo wrote:... dll. byk jg pejuang Indonesia muslim spt Cut Nya' Dien dll,lah wanita kresten mana? lol!
Emangnay Cut Nyak dien pahlawan ? Zombie Arab penghancur budaya Aceh pra-Islam = pahlawan tohhh ... Ohh, baru tahu gua! :vom:

Re:

Posted: Sun Dec 05, 2010 12:14 pm
by betdaniel99
Lagi-lagi Om Resah cuma muter-muter, gak ngasih bukti...

Syukron & Salaam.

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Sun Sep 30, 2012 5:46 pm
by dee-nee
Saya diminta masuk forum FFI ini ... saya muslim dan saya bingung ....

1. fakta yang diberikan tentang Arab Pra-Islam apa masalahnya ??
2. yang ditulis oleh crayon-sinchan tentang burqa ... mana sumbernya ?? ... punya gambar2 wanita jaman Nabi pakai bajunya kaya gimana ga ??

xie xie

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Mon Oct 01, 2012 12:20 pm
by oglikom
dee-nee wrote:Saya diminta masuk forum FFI ini ... saya muslim dan saya bingung ....
Sis atau Bro..Dee-nee kalau bingung baca-baca dulu di RC ini, btw selamat bergabung. :supz:

Nanti kalau ada yang mau dipertanyakan silahkan buka thread di sub-forum.

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Wed Oct 03, 2012 1:19 am
by crayon-sinchan
dee-nee wrote:2. yang ditulis oleh crayon-sinchan tentang burqa ... mana sumbernya ?? ... punya gambar2 wanita jaman Nabi pakai bajunya kaya gimana ga ??
asal-usul jilbab dalam islam dari keterangan literatur islam http://indonesia.faithfreedom.org/forum ... am-t50116/

kalau ingin lihat gambar2 coba ke thread ini ja.. http://indonesia.faithfreedom.org/forum ... da-t48516/ :goodman:
sayang blm selesai terjemahannya..

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Wed Oct 03, 2012 1:34 am
by duren
dee-nee wrote:Saya diminta masuk forum FFI ini ... saya muslim dan saya bingung ....
Jangan bingung bingung ...
Tanya ajahh dan kapirun akan melayani mu bak putri raja Persia - Sherbanu :green:
dee-nee wrote:\xie xie
Haiya ... si mualaf Kompas dari RRC kok ga datang menyambut mu :shock:

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Thu Oct 04, 2012 12:03 am
by MaNuSiA_bLeGuG
dee-nee wrote:Saya diminta masuk forum FFI ini ... saya muslim dan saya bingung ....

1. fakta yang diberikan tentang Arab Pra-Islam apa masalahnya ??
2. yang ditulis oleh crayon-sinchan tentang burqa ... mana sumbernya ?? ... punya gambar2 wanita jaman Nabi pakai bajunya kaya gimana ga ??

xie xie
wah..wah...jeng dini ternyata mampir kemari hihihihi....

pasti kerjaan nya si duren ini :roll:

Re: Arab PRA-Islam

Posted: Thu Oct 04, 2012 1:10 am
by Axel
dee-nee wrote:Saya diminta masuk forum FFI ini ... saya muslim dan saya bingung ....

1. fakta yang diberikan tentang Arab Pra-Islam apa masalahnya ??
2. yang ditulis oleh crayon-sinchan tentang burqa ... mana sumbernya ?? ... punya gambar2 wanita jaman Nabi pakai bajunya kaya gimana ga ??

xie xie
kakak dini masuk FFI juga
om duren dapat pacar baru
kkekekekehhh